For example, if a 400 Hz sine wave is played into the right ear and a 410 Hz into the left ear, the brain is entrained towards the beat frequency of 10 Hz, in the alpha range which is associated with relaxation. The difference between the two frequencies must be small (below about 30 Hz) for the effect to occur. The binaural beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies applied to each ear. The frequency of the tones must be below about 1000 to 1500 hertz (Hz) for the beating to be heard. 7, 8 Therefore, to generate binaural beats, pure tones must be presented to each ear through earphones. When two tones that are close in pitch but not identical are sent to a different ear, the brain creates an interference which is called the binaural beat without any physical interaction between the waves. This effect was discovered in 1839 by Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. 7īinaural beats are auditory processing artifacts, the perception of which arises in the brain for specific physical stimuli. Binaural beats reportedly influence the brain through the entrainment of brainwaves and can be used to reduce anxiety and increase pain threshold. The use of these beats as a therapeutic tool has recently gained interest among neurophysiologists and clinicians.
Cruise et al 6 found similar results in a cohort of 121 patients undergoing cataract surgery under retrobulbar block who were more satisfied with their experience if they listened to relaxing music rather than operating room noise alone during the surgical procedure.īinaural beats are special sounds perceived when two auditory stimuli of different frequency are presented to each ear. 1, 2, 3, 4 Bellan et al 5 reported a large-scale study of 144 patients undergoing cataract surgery and found that listening to music before surgery was associated with decreased anxiety. Use of musical interventions, such as having the patient listen to prerecorded music through earphones, can relieve anxiety and reduce exposure to fearsome noises in the environment.
#Binaural beats music professional
Exposure to auditory stimuli in the operation room such as the sound of the phaco machine and the professional conversations of surgeons may also cause emotional stress to the patient. Musical interventions affect not only the physiologic domains of the patient such as blood pressure and heart rate, but also emotional domains, such as perioperative anxiety levels. Music, among various interventions, has been proposed to reduce operative anxiety. Worries about loss of control, being in an unfamiliar environment and expectation for good surgical results can produce high levels of peri-operative anxiety for patients. Binaural beat embedded musical intervention may have benefit over musical intervention alone in decreasing operative anxiety.Īnxiety is a common cause of psychological stress for patients undergoing eye surgery, as most of the operations are performed while the patient is awake. Patients who received binaural beat audio showed additional decrease in heart rate. Music, both with and without binaural beat, was proven to decrease anxiety level and lower systolic BP. A significant reduction in heart rate was seen only in the BB group (BB vs control P=0.004, BB vs MI P=0.050, MI vs control P=0.303). Systolic BP was significantly lower in both MI ( P=0.043) and BB (0.040) groups although there was no difference between the two groups ( P=1.000). Patients in the MI group and BB group showed significant reduction of STAI state scores after music intervention compared with the control group ( P<0.001) but the difference was not significant between the MI and BB group (STAI-S score MI group −7.0, BB group −9.0, P=0.085).
The BB and MI groups comprised 44 patients each and the control group 47. Peri-operative anxiety level was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire (STAI). Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured on admission, at the beginning of and 20 min after the start of the operation. The patients were randomized into three groups the Binaural beat music group (BB), the plain music intervention group (MI), and a control group (ear phones with no music). This prospective RCT included 141 patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anesthesia. To investigate the anxiolytic effects of binaural beat embedded audio in patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anesthesia.
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